Observations of the Development and Vertical Structure of the Lake-Breeze Circulation during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study

Abstract Ground-based thermodynamic and kinematic profilers were placed adjacent to the western shore of Lake Michigan at two sites as part 2017 Ozone Study. The southern site near Zion, Illinois, hosted a microwave radiometer (MWR) sodar wind profiler, while northern in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, featured an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI), Doppler lidar, High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL). Each experienced several lake-breeze events during experiment. Composite time series time–height cross sections constructed relative arrival so that commonalities across could be explored. composited surface observations indicate direction lake breeze was consistently southeasterly both regardless its before front. Surface humidity increased with arriving breeze, though this due cooler air temperatures absolute moisture content stayed same or decreased. profiler show penetrated deeper when local environment unstable preexisting flow weak. cold associated remained confined lowest 200 m troposphere even if shift observed higher altitudes. evolution corresponded well changes baroclinicity calculated circulation. Collocated aerosols showed increases number mass concentrations after passage